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"Don't let anyone steal a good story you remember. Write it down. The written word strengthens our oral tradition." - Larry Loyie
Larry Loyie (aka Oskiniko) was born in Slave Lake, Alberta, where he spent his early years living a traditional Cree life. He died on April 18, 2016 at age 82.
At the age of ten he was placed in St. Bernard's Mission residential school in Grouard, Alberta. "We had no more family life," he recalled, "and we weren't allowed to speak our language. Mostly what I learned there was how to pray and how to work and how to sing Latin at Mass. We got to go home once every school year, though many children stayed the whole year. It was basically worse than jail. Everything that was natural to a small child was a sin and we got punished for it. I didn't know about sin and heaven and hell until I got there, and then I was always getting beatings from the nuns. I ran away twice and both times I was caught and severely beaten. After that I started reading everything I could get hold of. There were classics like Huckleberry Finn but there was exactly nothing about Native people. We were punished for the fact that hundreds of years earlier Jesuits had been killed by Native people. I lost all feeling about my Native heritage."
As he describes in his autobiography of his boyhood, When the Spirits Dance, World War greatly upset Loyie's family life. Having already served in World War One, his father Victor Loyie, at age 43, was called up to serve again in the Canadian Armed forces as an illiterate man with nine children. In 1942, food was rationed and families drank Klim (milk spelled backwards), a drink made from powder. When the Spirits Dance describes how Larry Loyie helped his family endure.
At 14, Loyie left school to work on farms and in logging camps. At 18, he joined the Canadian Forces, living in Europe before returning to work in northern British Columbia and Alberta. "Through it all," he says, "the longing for the traditional First Nations way of life I experienced as a child always stayed with me."
Many years later, in Vancouver, he went to the Carnegie Centre at Main & Hastings to upgrade his education and writing skills, and to learn typing. In 1991, he traveled around British Columbia to interview Native teachers for two radio documentaries. The following year he co-edited an anthology for novice writers called The Wind Cannot Read, having traveled across Canada to collect material for a 1,000-page manuscript.
Constance Brissenden, one of Loyie's writing instructors recalls, "Sometimes the stars align. In the early 1990s, living in Vancouver, I taught a creative writing class at the Carnegie Community Centre on Hastings and Main in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside. Larry attended the free class. He had a childhood dream of becoming a writer, and was determined to make it come true. I soon learned that Larry was a much better creative writer than I was, and a strong literacy advocate.
"Larry wanted to write a play about his six years in residential school. As a former dramaturge (play editor), I started working with Larry on his first play, Ora Pro Nobis, Pray for Us. This play, about the friendship of the boys and how it helped them survive their residential school years, was staged in BC, Alberta, and Ontario. At this point, Larry saw that he could only reach a limited audience with plays. He turned to writing books, and ultimately produced nine books. I worked with Larry as co-author and editor."
Constance Brissenden quickly realized she was learning as much from him as he was learning from her. Their partnership and mutual concerns led to the creation of new writers group called Living Traditions in which Loyie blossomed as an educator and as an author of several plays, short stories and a children's story dealing with residential schools, native traditions and literacy.
Loyie's Ora Pro Nobis (Pray for Us) was staged in Vancouver and five federal B.C. prisons (1994), at Weesageechak Festival in Toronto (1995) and in Alberta (1998). Excerpts from the play are included in Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences, 1979-2000 (Heard Museum, 2000). Loyie wrote two more plays, Fifty Years Credit, based on the media's view of First Nations people, performed at Carnegie Community Centre (1998); and No Way to Say Goodbye, a commission for the Aboriginal AIDS Conference in northern Alberta (1999). All of his plays have benefited from his association with Brissenden.
For Loyie's autobiographical children's book, As Long as the Rivers Flow, Loyie and Brissenden toured Canada to present more than 90 readings. Due to Loyie's voice ailment, Brissenden reads the text; Loyie responds to questions. This poignant memoir recalls Loyie's last summer of freedom before he was forced to attend residential school. Cree artist George Littlechild suggested Loyie write the story for children. "I told George about the truck that picked us up and took us away," Loyie says. "The sides were so high, we could only see the sky."
Illustrated by First Nations artist Heather Holmlund, As Long as the Rivers Flow reflects Loyie's perspective at age nine as he cares for an abandoned owl, watches his grandmother make moccasins, helps the family prepare for a hunting trip and receives a new name, Oskiniko-meaning Young Man-a name he still uses. Children are fascinated by the story of Larry's tiny grandmother, Bella Twin, who reputedly shot the biggest grizzly bear in North America. First Nations communities are using the book in classrooms, at conferences, and for healing purposes. Some listeners are moved to tears. As Long as the Rivers Flow was selected as the 2006 Honour Book of the First Nation Communities Read program.
In mid-September of 2003, Loyie was singled out for an honour dance at the Niagara Native Friendship Centre in St. Catherine's where more than 200 people lined up to shake hands with the writers, then gathered behind them as they danced slowly around the arbour while drummers sang a special song. "Being recognized by my own people this way," says Loyie, "was the greatest honour I could have."
Loyie was also a recipient of a 2001 Canada Post Literacy Award for Individual Achievement (British Columbia) and the 2003 Norma Fleck Award for As Long as the Rivers Flow. Larry Loyie is also featured in Honouring Time: A 15-month Aboriginal Day-timer (Ningwake Learning Press & TransCanada, 2001) and Learning about Participatory Approaches in Adult Literacy Education (Edmonton: Voices Rising, Learning at the Centre Press). He contributed the essay on First Nations people for The Greater Vancouver Book (Vancouver: Linkman Press), edited by Chuck Davis.
In 2007, Loyie moved to High Prairie, Alberta, with Constance Brissenden to build a log house.
Over time, Loyie and Brissenden participated in activities at the First Nations House of Learning at UBC, giving talks and readings, and attending student activities. "Larry heartily believed in the Aboriginal Teacher Education Program here," according to Brissenden. Lowie's friendship with Kim Lawson, a librarian at UBC’s Xwi7xwa Library, led to the donation of his papers to the library. Lowie and several of Kim Lawson’s family members had fished professionally on the north coast of B.C. before he started writing in his mid-fifties.
BOOKS:
Loyie, Larry (co-editor). The Wind Cannot Read: An Anthology of Learners Writing (Province of British Columbia Ministry of Advanced Education, Training and Technology, 1992).
Loyie, Larry & Vera Manuel. Two Plays About Residential School. Ora Pro Nobis (Pray for Us) by Larry Loyie & The Strength of Indian Women by Vera Manuel (Vancouver: Living Traditions, 1998).
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. As Long as the Rivers Flow (Groundwood, 2003). Illustrations by Heather D. Holmlund.
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. The Gathering Tree (Theytus, 2005). Illustrations by Heather D. Holmlund. $19.95 978-1-89477-842-8
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. When the Spirits Dance (Theytus, 2006). $16.95 978-1-92688-602-2
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. Goodbye Buffalo Boy (Theytus, 2008) $16.95 978-1-89477-862-6
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden & Wayne K. Spear. Residential Schools: With the Words and Images of Survivors (Indigenous Education Press 2015) $34.95 978-0-9939371-0-1
How the Fox Got His Crossed Legs (Theytus) $22.95 9781894778749
ALSO:
Acimowina Storytelling (Order from Voices Rising, Learning at the Centre Press, 10116-105 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada; e-mail: learningcentre@compusmart.ab.ca) Cree stories from student writers, many written in creative writing classes with Larry Loyie and Constance Brissenden.
Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences, 1979-2000. Edited by Margaret L. Archuleta, Brenda J. Child and K. Tsianina Lomawaima. Published by Heard Museum, 2000. Includes excerpts from Larry Loyie's play Ora Pro Nobis (Pray for Us). ISBN O-934351-62-7.
Honouring Time: A 15-month Aboriginal Day-timer (Ningwake Learning Press & TransCanada, 2001. Order from info@ningwakwe.on.ca) Featuring First Nations writers and artists, including Larry Loyie.
Learning about Participatory Approaches in Adult Literacy Education (Order from Voices Rising, Learning at the Centre Press, 10116-105 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada; e-mail: learningcentre@compusmart.ab.ca) Six teachers talk about their experiences; includes an overview of creative writing workshops by Larry Loyie and Constance Brissenden.
The Healing, a Memoir for Four Voices by Larry Loyie (Order from Living Traditions Writers Group at livingtradition@telus.net)
[BCBW 2008]
Larry Loyie (aka Oskiniko) was born in Slave Lake, Alberta, where he spent his early years living a traditional Cree life. He died on April 18, 2016 at age 82.
At the age of ten he was placed in St. Bernard's Mission residential school in Grouard, Alberta. "We had no more family life," he recalled, "and we weren't allowed to speak our language. Mostly what I learned there was how to pray and how to work and how to sing Latin at Mass. We got to go home once every school year, though many children stayed the whole year. It was basically worse than jail. Everything that was natural to a small child was a sin and we got punished for it. I didn't know about sin and heaven and hell until I got there, and then I was always getting beatings from the nuns. I ran away twice and both times I was caught and severely beaten. After that I started reading everything I could get hold of. There were classics like Huckleberry Finn but there was exactly nothing about Native people. We were punished for the fact that hundreds of years earlier Jesuits had been killed by Native people. I lost all feeling about my Native heritage."
As he describes in his autobiography of his boyhood, When the Spirits Dance, World War greatly upset Loyie's family life. Having already served in World War One, his father Victor Loyie, at age 43, was called up to serve again in the Canadian Armed forces as an illiterate man with nine children. In 1942, food was rationed and families drank Klim (milk spelled backwards), a drink made from powder. When the Spirits Dance describes how Larry Loyie helped his family endure.
At 14, Loyie left school to work on farms and in logging camps. At 18, he joined the Canadian Forces, living in Europe before returning to work in northern British Columbia and Alberta. "Through it all," he says, "the longing for the traditional First Nations way of life I experienced as a child always stayed with me."
Many years later, in Vancouver, he went to the Carnegie Centre at Main & Hastings to upgrade his education and writing skills, and to learn typing. In 1991, he traveled around British Columbia to interview Native teachers for two radio documentaries. The following year he co-edited an anthology for novice writers called The Wind Cannot Read, having traveled across Canada to collect material for a 1,000-page manuscript.
Constance Brissenden, one of Loyie's writing instructors recalls, "Sometimes the stars align. In the early 1990s, living in Vancouver, I taught a creative writing class at the Carnegie Community Centre on Hastings and Main in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside. Larry attended the free class. He had a childhood dream of becoming a writer, and was determined to make it come true. I soon learned that Larry was a much better creative writer than I was, and a strong literacy advocate.
"Larry wanted to write a play about his six years in residential school. As a former dramaturge (play editor), I started working with Larry on his first play, Ora Pro Nobis, Pray for Us. This play, about the friendship of the boys and how it helped them survive their residential school years, was staged in BC, Alberta, and Ontario. At this point, Larry saw that he could only reach a limited audience with plays. He turned to writing books, and ultimately produced nine books. I worked with Larry as co-author and editor."
Constance Brissenden quickly realized she was learning as much from him as he was learning from her. Their partnership and mutual concerns led to the creation of new writers group called Living Traditions in which Loyie blossomed as an educator and as an author of several plays, short stories and a children's story dealing with residential schools, native traditions and literacy.
Loyie's Ora Pro Nobis (Pray for Us) was staged in Vancouver and five federal B.C. prisons (1994), at Weesageechak Festival in Toronto (1995) and in Alberta (1998). Excerpts from the play are included in Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences, 1979-2000 (Heard Museum, 2000). Loyie wrote two more plays, Fifty Years Credit, based on the media's view of First Nations people, performed at Carnegie Community Centre (1998); and No Way to Say Goodbye, a commission for the Aboriginal AIDS Conference in northern Alberta (1999). All of his plays have benefited from his association with Brissenden.
For Loyie's autobiographical children's book, As Long as the Rivers Flow, Loyie and Brissenden toured Canada to present more than 90 readings. Due to Loyie's voice ailment, Brissenden reads the text; Loyie responds to questions. This poignant memoir recalls Loyie's last summer of freedom before he was forced to attend residential school. Cree artist George Littlechild suggested Loyie write the story for children. "I told George about the truck that picked us up and took us away," Loyie says. "The sides were so high, we could only see the sky."
Illustrated by First Nations artist Heather Holmlund, As Long as the Rivers Flow reflects Loyie's perspective at age nine as he cares for an abandoned owl, watches his grandmother make moccasins, helps the family prepare for a hunting trip and receives a new name, Oskiniko-meaning Young Man-a name he still uses. Children are fascinated by the story of Larry's tiny grandmother, Bella Twin, who reputedly shot the biggest grizzly bear in North America. First Nations communities are using the book in classrooms, at conferences, and for healing purposes. Some listeners are moved to tears. As Long as the Rivers Flow was selected as the 2006 Honour Book of the First Nation Communities Read program.
In mid-September of 2003, Loyie was singled out for an honour dance at the Niagara Native Friendship Centre in St. Catherine's where more than 200 people lined up to shake hands with the writers, then gathered behind them as they danced slowly around the arbour while drummers sang a special song. "Being recognized by my own people this way," says Loyie, "was the greatest honour I could have."
Loyie was also a recipient of a 2001 Canada Post Literacy Award for Individual Achievement (British Columbia) and the 2003 Norma Fleck Award for As Long as the Rivers Flow. Larry Loyie is also featured in Honouring Time: A 15-month Aboriginal Day-timer (Ningwake Learning Press & TransCanada, 2001) and Learning about Participatory Approaches in Adult Literacy Education (Edmonton: Voices Rising, Learning at the Centre Press). He contributed the essay on First Nations people for The Greater Vancouver Book (Vancouver: Linkman Press), edited by Chuck Davis.
In 2007, Loyie moved to High Prairie, Alberta, with Constance Brissenden to build a log house.
Over time, Loyie and Brissenden participated in activities at the First Nations House of Learning at UBC, giving talks and readings, and attending student activities. "Larry heartily believed in the Aboriginal Teacher Education Program here," according to Brissenden. Lowie's friendship with Kim Lawson, a librarian at UBC’s Xwi7xwa Library, led to the donation of his papers to the library. Lowie and several of Kim Lawson’s family members had fished professionally on the north coast of B.C. before he started writing in his mid-fifties.
BOOKS:
Loyie, Larry (co-editor). The Wind Cannot Read: An Anthology of Learners Writing (Province of British Columbia Ministry of Advanced Education, Training and Technology, 1992).
Loyie, Larry & Vera Manuel. Two Plays About Residential School. Ora Pro Nobis (Pray for Us) by Larry Loyie & The Strength of Indian Women by Vera Manuel (Vancouver: Living Traditions, 1998).
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. As Long as the Rivers Flow (Groundwood, 2003). Illustrations by Heather D. Holmlund.
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. The Gathering Tree (Theytus, 2005). Illustrations by Heather D. Holmlund. $19.95 978-1-89477-842-8
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. When the Spirits Dance (Theytus, 2006). $16.95 978-1-92688-602-2
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden. Goodbye Buffalo Boy (Theytus, 2008) $16.95 978-1-89477-862-6
Loyie, Larry & Constance Brissenden & Wayne K. Spear. Residential Schools: With the Words and Images of Survivors (Indigenous Education Press 2015) $34.95 978-0-9939371-0-1
How the Fox Got His Crossed Legs (Theytus) $22.95 9781894778749
ALSO:
Acimowina Storytelling (Order from Voices Rising, Learning at the Centre Press, 10116-105 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada; e-mail: learningcentre@compusmart.ab.ca) Cree stories from student writers, many written in creative writing classes with Larry Loyie and Constance Brissenden.
Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences, 1979-2000. Edited by Margaret L. Archuleta, Brenda J. Child and K. Tsianina Lomawaima. Published by Heard Museum, 2000. Includes excerpts from Larry Loyie's play Ora Pro Nobis (Pray for Us). ISBN O-934351-62-7.
Honouring Time: A 15-month Aboriginal Day-timer (Ningwake Learning Press & TransCanada, 2001. Order from info@ningwakwe.on.ca) Featuring First Nations writers and artists, including Larry Loyie.
Learning about Participatory Approaches in Adult Literacy Education (Order from Voices Rising, Learning at the Centre Press, 10116-105 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada; e-mail: learningcentre@compusmart.ab.ca) Six teachers talk about their experiences; includes an overview of creative writing workshops by Larry Loyie and Constance Brissenden.
The Healing, a Memoir for Four Voices by Larry Loyie (Order from Living Traditions Writers Group at livingtradition@telus.net)
[BCBW 2008]
Articles: 4 Articles for this author
As Long as the Rivers Flow
Press Release
January 18, 2006
Award-winning children's book As Long as the Rivers Flow by Larry Loyie named First Nation Communities Read title of the year. As Long as the Rivers Flow by Cree author Larry Loyie with Constance Brissenden with illustrations by Heather D. Holmlund is the jury's selection for the 2006 First Nation Communities Read title. The book is published by House of Anansi Press/Groundwood Books, ISBN 0-88899-696-9, $12.95. It is the poignant story of Loyie's last summer spent with his family in a traditional First Nations setting before being taken to residential school.
The First Nation Communities Read program is launched during Ontario's First Nations Public Library Week but is considered a year-long celebration of the honoured book. In 2006, First Nations Public Library Week takes place from February 13 through February 18. First Nations Public Library Week is a grassroots program launched in 2000 by Ontario's First Nations public library community. In 2005, the program expanded to Saskatchewan as "Aboriginal Storytelling Week."; Through its featured titles, the First Nation Communities Read program encourages family literacy and intergenerational storytelling, and promotes and shares aboriginal voices and experiences.
The theme of the 2006 First Nations Public Library Week and Aboriginal Storytelling Week is "Preserving Our Cultures Story by Story ... Building Our Communities Book by Book."; The First Nation Communities Read titles honoured previously are: 2003 Dragonfly Kites, written by Tomson Highway, illustrated by Brian Deines and published by HarperCollins Canada; 2004 Solomon's Tree, inspired by Tsimpshian master carver Victor Reece, written by Andrea Spalding, illustrated by Janet Wilson and published by Orca Books; 2005 SkySisters, written by Jan Bourdeau Waboose, illustrated by Brian Deines and published by Kids Can Press.
As Long as the Rivers Flow wins 2003 Norma Fleck Award
Press Release
(Toronto, September 2, 2003) - The Canadian Children's Book Centre (CCBC) and the Fleck Family Foundation are delighted to announce the winner of the 5th annual Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction: As Long as the Rivers Flow by Larry Loyie with Constance Brissenden, illustrated by Heather D. Holmlund and published by Groundwood Books. The $10,000 Norma Fleck Award is the largest of its kind in Canadian children's books. Dr. Jim Fleck of the Fleck Family Foundation, and son of Norma Fleck, announced the winner on September 2nd, 2003.
The Norma Fleck Award jury's calls As Long as the Rivers Flow "... a joyous, heart-breaking memoir that recalls a Cree boy's last, idyllic summer with his family before he was taken away to attend a residential school... beautiful illustrations... kindles a sense of injustice and loss....";
The other finalists for the 2003 Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction were: Beyond the Dance: A Ballerina's Life by Chan Hon Goh with Cary Fagan (Tundra Books), Under the Ice by Kathy Conlan (Kids Can Press), Wilfrid Laurier: A Pledge for Canada by Roderick Stewart (XYZ Publishing), Wizards: An Amazing Journey through the Last Great Age of Magic by Candace Savage (Greystone Books)
Members of the 2003 Norma Fleck Award jury were: Deirdre Baker, Department of English, University of Toronto and children's book reviewer for The Toronto Star; Mary Anne Cree, librarian at The Bishop Strachan School; Polly Fleck, Governor-General's Award-nominated poet and member of the Fleck family; Sheila Koffman, owner of Another Story Bookshop; Michele Landsberg, author and Toronto Star columnist; and Susan Perren, children's book reviewer for The Globe and Mail.
The Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction was established by the Fleck Family Foundation in 1999 in honour of Norma Fleck, who inspired a deep love of reading in her children and grandchildren. The Award recognizes Canada's exceptional non-fiction books for young people. Norma Fleck was born in 1906 and died in 1998. The Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction is administered by the Canadian Children's Book Centre. The CCBC is a national, not-for-profit organization that was established in 1976 and is dedicated to promoting the reading, writing, and illustrating of Canadian books for children and young adults.
The Gathering Tree
Press Release (2005)
The Gathering Tree, a children's book to introduce the subject of HIV/AIDS, will be available in September 2005. The book will be published by Theytus Books of British Columbia with Chee Mamuk, Aboriginal HIV/STI education program of the BC Centre for Disease Control.
Written by award-winning First Nations author Larry Loyie with co-author Constance Brissenden, the book is a gentle, positive story of a family facing the illness of their favorite cousin Robert. As the children, Tyler and sister Shay-Lyn, learn more about HIV, they discover that illness can bring understanding and self-awareness. Encouraged by the elders, Robert speaks to the community at the annual traditional gathering, encouraging them to learn more about HIV.
The full-colour, hardcover, 44-page book will be illustrated by award-winning artist Heather D. Holmlund.
The book will also include study material for teachers, parents, health educators, and students. The age range for the material is 9 years old and up.
For further information on the authors and illustrator, see www.firstnationswriter.com.
For additional information on the book, or to be placed on a mailing list for future emails regarding The Gathering Tree, please contact livingtradition@telus.net.
Funding for this book was provided by the Provincial Health Services Authority, Aboriginal Initiatives.
The Gathering Tree (Theytus $19.95)
Article
Tyler dreams of running marathons like his older cousin Robert. So when Robert arrives on the bus for the annual First Nations gathering, wearing a cowboy hat and a big smile, eager for his daily run, it's hard for Tyler to believe his favourite cousin is ill. At 21, Robert has HIV. By speaking out he hopes he can encourage an awareness of AIDS among the First Nations community. That's the set-up for The Gathering Tree (Theytus $19.95) co-authored by Larry Loyie and Constance Brissenden of Vancouver. During an outing to the zoo, Robert tells Tyler and his little sister, "I'm just like this tiger...locked up in a cage. We both want to be free but we're not."; Robert further explains why he can never be away from the city and his doctors for long periods. At the rural gathering, under the old tree that had welcomed his people for generations, Robert adds, "I thought I could run through life, winning trophies, partying, and that nothing bad would ever catch up with me. "[But to heal] I had to tell the truth and be open to others."; Later, when Tyler joins in an honor dance to support Robert, he suddenly understands that by just being part of his family, he's helping Robert stay strong. With illustrations by award-winning artist Heather D. Holmlund, The Gathering Tree was initiated by Chee Mamuk, an Aboriginal HIV/STI educational program. Co-author Larry Loyie spent his early years living a traditional Cree life before being placed in residential school. He received the 2001 Canada Post Literacy Award for Individual Achievement and is the author of Ora Pro Nobis (Pray For Us), a play about residential school, as well as the children's book As Long as the Rivers Flow (Groundwood). In 1993, Loyie (Cree name: skiniko/Young Man) and Constance Brissenden formed Living Traditions Writers Group to foster writing within First Nations communities. 1-894778-28-6
--by Louise Donnelly
[BCBW 2005] "Kidlit"
