Author Tags: Theatre


Articles: 3 Articles for this author

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"Socrates on Trial presents the story of Socrates as told to us by Aristophanes, Plato, Xenophon, and others. The play uses fresh language to emphasize what is important in the works of these ancient authors, while at the same time remaining faithful to the general tenor and tone of their writings. Andrew Irvine has created a script that not only fits comfortably into the space of a single theatrical performance, but is also informative and entertaining. Suited for informal dramatic readings as well as regular theatrical performances, Socrates on Trial will undoubtedly appeal to instructors and students, and its informative introduction enhances its value as a resource. Complete with production and classroom notes, this modern recasting of the Socrates story will make riveting reading both inside and outside the classroom." -- UTP

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by Andrew Irvine

Fourteen years ago I purchased a first-edition copy of On Liberty, John Stuart Mill's classic 1859 defence of individual freedom. I remember the purchase since I also needed a new computer. The computer cost $1,200. The book cost $900. My bank account had less than $1,500 in it. So, even though I really couldn't afford to, I used my credit card and bought them both.

Today the computer is long gone. When I finally replaced it with a newer model, its resale value was zero. In contrast, my $900 copy of On Liberty today retails for over $6,000, an increase of over 560 percent.

There's a lesson here. As libraries struggle to keep pace with the rapid rate of technological change, acquisition budgets have become more and more focused on electronic subscriptions. This is inevitable. Online books and journals are superior in many ways to old-fashioned print editions. But in some respects, especially for purposes of scholarship, nothing can replace the traditional book. Nothing can replace having direct access to the first published expression of an author's intentions.

So what should universities do? Should they continue to buy both traditionally bound and electronically downloadable books and journals? Or, given shrinking acquisition budgets, should they give up purchasing the traditional book altogether?

We've found ourselves in this situation once before. During the 15th century - shortly after Johannes Gutenberg introduced the use of movable type in Europe - traditional hand-copied codices and manuscripts began to disappear.

For centuries, copyists had laboured in scriptoria, copying and decorating books by hand. In addition to their famous illuminated manuscripts, they also made cheaper, non-illuminated copies for university students to rent. The practice wasn't so different from the buy-back programs many university bookstores have for textbooks today.

But once mechanical printing began to spread, not only did scriptoria begin to disappear, so too did the hand-copied books. Vellum and other forms of parchment from older books were sometimes recycled. But just as often, hand-copied books were simply read until they fell apart. Then they were used as fuel and burned. Why keep and treasure an old, fragile, hand-written copy when a newer printed version is readily available and superior in so many ways?

Today, only a handful of libraries around the world still retain significant collections of these pre-industrial materials - the British Library, the Bodleian Library, the Vatican Library. Yet it is to these libraries and others like them that scholars from around the world inevitably return, year after year, to do their work. As Vancouver rare-books specialist Ralph Stanton reminds us, "Today good university libraries all around the world each have enormous print and electronic holdings. Only the greatest have the manuscript originals.";

Now imagine being able to go back in time to collect an armload of hand-copied codices from before the days of Gutenberg. Given the opportunity, some of us would want to save an illuminated psalter or bible. Others might save a book by Augustine or Ockham or Dante or Aquinas. But regardless of whether we were drawn to authors such as Chaucer or Anselm, or to more pedestrian documents such as trade manifestos or bank invoices, such a collection would teach us a great deal, not just about the age in which they were produced but about where the modern world has come from.

Now, imagine being able to bring these books back to the 21st century and donating them to your local university library. Almost overnight, it would become home to one of the most sought-after research collections in the world.

This make-believe scenario sounds implausible, yet it is precisely the situation libraries find themselves in today. Librarians who go into the marketplace to collect the last paper copies of many 20th-century books will soon have collections that are absolutely unique. Rather than owning easily manipulated, and hence easily falsifiable, electronic copies, they will have the originals.

When second-hand book stores are closing almost by the day, which universities are going to have the foresight to preserve the thousands of books that seem to be almost without value? In a time of austerity, when a single new university building might cost 60 or 70 million dollars, which governments will have the courage to set aside enough money to take advantage of an opportunity that comes along only once every 500 years?

Only time will tell. But decisions need to be made soon - 10 years from now will be too late.

[Andrew Irvine is a professor of philosophy at the University of British Columbia. Thus essay first appeared in University Affairs, 2012]

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The Governor General's Literary Awards (or GGs) deserve to be cited as
Canada's foremost literary prizes.

December 03rd, 2014

Philosophy professor Andrew Irvine has produced a definitive bibliography listing all 651 winning titles of the Governor General's Awards since 1936.

Based on Irvine's fifteen years of research and book sleuthing, with the assistance of Edmond Rivère, his unprecedented bibliography has been released in Volume 52, Issue 1 of the Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada journal.

Along the way, Irvine has tried to collect all the books in the bibliography and has amassed a literary archive of approximately 2,300 items pertaining to the Governor General's Awards.

Andrew Irvine, a past president of the B.C. Civil Liberties Association, has mostly worked as a philosophy professor at UBC in Vancouver and at UBC Okanagan; on weekends he can often be found foraging through Canada's used bookstores.

Irvine's particular passion has been collecting first-edition copies of all the books that have ever won Canada's Governor General's Literary Awards. By 2010, Irvine knew that 610 books had received GG Awards. Of these, 357 were in English and Irvine had succeeded in finding all but three of them in their award-winning editions; seven were still without their original dust jackets.

The three books Irvine was especially eager to find were first-edition copies of Arthur Bourinot's 1939 book of poetry, Under the Sun (The Macmillan Company of Canada) and two novels: Bertram Brooker's 1936 Think of the Earth (Thomas Nelson & Sons / Jonathan Cape), and Gwethalyn Graham's 1938 Swiss Sonata (Jonathan Cape). He has since found first-edition copies of each.

"I now have at least one copy, in one form or another, of all the winning books,"; he says. "But I'm still looking for several French-language first printings that are difficult to find. The hardest have turned out to be the French-language children's books. Many book owners save and value their novels and books of poetry. And eventually these books find their way to a used bookstore. But children's books are often read and then re-read. Then they find their way under the bed. Then they are put in the garage or thrown out. So they have been the hardest to find.";
At the top of his hard-to-find list is a first printing of Le Monde Selon Jean de ... with illustrations by Stéphane Jorisch. It came with an accompanying audio cassette. Both had a small print run and are very hard to find.

"I also have the first-edition paperback of Sharon Pollock's book of plays, Blood Relations. But I haven't found a copy of the hard cover,"; he says. "And I have two copies of B.C. poet Jan Zwicky's 1999 award-winning book, Songs for Relinquishing the Earth. But before Brick Books brought out the commercial edition, there was also a hand produced edition that I haven't been able to find. The non-commercial copies appeared in 1996. They have French flaps, and a small photo of lavender fields pasted in each copy, and did not have the Note on the Text that's at the front of the Brick Books edition. I'd be very grateful for any leads your readers might have.";

So he's still hunting ...

"It has been especially hard to find some of the older books with dust jackets in good condition,"; he said, "because the first thing libraries do is throw away a book's dust jacket. This means that for anyone wanting to consult the original book, part of the experience is lost.";

Finding books published during the Depression was a challenge because print runs were small. Then, during the Second World War, paper was often rationed, especially in Britain, but also in Canada.

"It's not unusual to find dust jackets from the 1940s printed on backs of old military maps,"; Irvine says.

Some of his favourite titles in his collection are:
â?¢ Anne Chislett's Quiet in the Land
â?¢ Leonard Cohen's Selected Poems
� Roméo Dallaire's Shake Hands with the Devil
â?¢ Hugh MacLennan's Two Solitudes
â?¢ Emily Carr's Klee Wyck
â?¢ Robert Ford's Window on the North
â?¢ Marshall McLuhan's The Gutenberg Galaxy
â?¢ John Gray's Billy Bishop Goes to War
â?¢ Stephen Leacock's My Discovery of the West
â?¢ Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient

"So many of these books are worth reading more than once,"; he said. "For instance, I re-read Karolyn Frost's book about the underground railroad [I've Got a Home in Glory Land] and for a long time, Marie-Louise Gay's children's book Rainy Day Magic [from 1987] was a favorite at bedtime in our house.

"It's hard to read Josephine Phelan's account of the assassination of Darcy McGee [The Ardent Exile, from 1951] without thinking that it's a book that it would be good for more Canadians to read.";

Numerous award-winning G.G. books were originally issued in small press runs so finding first-edition copies has sometimes been mostly a matter of luck.
"In 1947, Robert MacGregor Dawson won the prize for Academic Non-fiction for his book The Government of Canada. What's not widely known is that, in addition to the 1947 hard copy of the book, a 1946 paperback student edition was also issued. The 1946 edition doesn't appear on WorldCat, the online catalogue that lists the holdings of some 71,000 libraries from over 100 countries around the world.";

It's very unusual for anyone to find an earlier 1946 copy, but Irvine has one.
In the process of becoming an amateur book sleuth, Andrew Irvine became an expert in Canadian literary history by default and he was able to identify five award-winning titles from 1948, 1963, 1965, and 1984 that were previously excluded from prior lists.

The names of these five re-discovered and overlooked winners were annouced by the Bibliographical Society of Canada on December 1, 2014.

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According to publicity materials:

Irvine's painstaking scholarship has been recently published in the peer-reviewed journal Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, edited by Eli MacLaren. According to MacLaren, the publication of the new bibliography is a milestone: "The bibliography represents the culmination of years of detailed archival work. It's not everyday that discoveries like this are made.";

Prior lists of GG-winners have been made, but the task is more difficult than it might seem, especially since every year now adds fourteen winners in both official languages, not to mention many non-winning finalists. "It is a privilege to be able to publish scholarship of this calibre,"; says MacLaren. "This bibliography will be of interest to Canadians, both to literary specialists and to the public, for years to come.";

The new bibliography differs from previous bibliographies in other ways.

It includes:
â?¢ the first division of winning titles into historically accurate award
categories;
â?¢ a full list of declined awards;
â?¢ a full list of books by non-winning finalists who have received cash
awards, a practice that began in 2002;
â?¢ more detailed bibliographical information than can be found in most other lists;
â?¢ corrections of numerous minor errors that have commonly appeared in
previously published lists relating to the awards.

Of the five titles inadvertently omitted from previous bibliographies, the first is the only book to have received a Governor General's Citation, an award option that existed for three years but that was used only once. The award was given for the first book to win an award in the Juvenile category: Roderick L. Haig-Brown, Saltwater Summer, Toronto: Collins, 1948.

The other four titles are from multi-volume works in which multiple books - but sometimes not the full series - have won awards.

Previous bibliographies have typically mentioned only a single title, leaving readers with the erroneous impression that only a single book was being listed.

Full details are as follows:

For the 1963 award year, both volumes of the two-volume English-language biography Brown of the Globe by J.M.S. Careless received recognition:
J.M.S. Careless, Brown of the Globe: Vol. One - The Voice of Upper Canada 1818-1859, Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited, 1959.
J.M.S. Careless, Brown of the Globe: Vol. Two - Statesman of Confederation 1860-1880, Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited, 1963.

That same year, two volumes of the three-volume French-language Histoire du Canada by Gustave Lanctot also received recognition:
Gustave Lanctot, Histoire du Canada: des origines au régime royal, Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin Limitée, 1960.
Gustave Lanctot, Histoire du Canada: du régime royal au traité d'Utrecht, 1663-1713, Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin Limitée, 1963.

For the 1965 award year, two volumes of the five-volume history of the Canadian military by James Eayrs, In Defence of Canada, received recognition:
James Eayrs, In Defence of Canada: From the Great War to the Great Depression, [Toronto]: University of Toronto Press, [1965].
James Eayrs, In Defence of Canada: Appeasement and Rearmament, [Toronto]: University of Toronto Press, 1965.

For the 1984 award year, both volumes of Le XXe siècle by Jean Hamelin et Nicole Gagnon received recognition:
Jean Hamelin et Nicole Gagnon, Le XXe siècle, Tome 1: 1898-1940, Montréal: Boréal Express (Les éditions du Boréal Express), 1984.
Jean Hamelin, Le XXe siècle, Tome 2: De 1940 à nos jours, Montréal: Boréal Express (Les éditions du Boréal Express), 1984.

Between 1936 and 2013, a total of 651 books have received Governor General's Literary Awards.

Andrew Irvine's full bibliographical listing of all 651 books was released in Volume 52, Issue 1 of the Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada.

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For further information, contact
Eli MacLaren
McGill University
514-398-4400 Ext 00803
editor@bsc-sbc.ca
www.mcgill.ca/english/staff/eli-maclaren

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Having published numerous books of philosophy, Andrew Irvine looked towards publishing at a book about the awards, something that would not just introduce readers to the wide variety of Canadian literature that has been honoured by the Governor General's Literary Awards, but would also give Canadians the opportunity to fall in love with forgotten titles all over again.